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Title Memoria sobre la naturaleza, cultivo, y beneficio de la grana ... 
Creator Alzate y Ramírez, José Antonio de, 1737-1799
Date 1777 
Language Spanish
Place Mexico
Subjects Cochineal, Cochineal insect, Dyes and dyeing, Nopalea cochinellifera
Summary Copy dated 1777 of Alzate y Ramírez's extensive, illustrated essay on the nature, cultivation, and benefits of the cochineal insect. The essay, produced by order of the Viceroy Antonio Bucareli y Ursúa, is a study of the cochineal insect from which is extracted the cochineal dye, a very important product of New Spain and one of its chief exports. Alzate discusses the physical appearance of the male and female; the propagation, life cycle, and natural enemies of these insects; and the nopal cactus used as a feeding source.  He describes the various methods for harvesting the cochineal dye, such as steaming and drying, and describes how the Spanish government regulates the cultivation and commerce of cochineal.  He also includes a specialized vocabulary of terms used in the cochineal industry.  There are two appendices: an extract of a newspaper article on the cochineal insect from the Gaceta literaria de la Europe of April 10, 1765; and a detailed description of the nopal from recent scientific works.  The ten colored plates contain drawings of the insect, its cocoons, and the nopal cactus, and illustrate how the steam bath and certain utensils are used in the harvesting procedures. 
Biographical/Historical Note Mexican priest and natural scientist. 
Extent [138] leaves, 10 leaves of plates (some folded), bound : color illustrations ; 31 cm 
Format Drawings, Early works, Essays, Manuscripts
Archival Collection Title Edward E. Ayer Collection, Edward E. Ayer Manuscript Collection
Citation Please refer to the catalog record or finding aid for citations. Though it is not required when repurposing Newberry content, please use the credit "From the Newberry Library," and provide a link back to the item in our digital collections website. This helps us track how our collections are used, and provides justification for adding more digitized content in the future 
Link to Catalog View record
Call Number VAULT Ayer MS 1031 
BibID 991216558805867
Rights Status No Copyright - United States
Contributing Institution Newberry Library
Newberry Open Access Policy The Newberry makes its collections available for any lawful purpose, commercial or non-commercial, without licensing or permission fees to the library, subject to these terms and conditions.
IIIF Resource Type Manifest 
Filename 991216558805867_ayer_ms_1031 
Unique Identifier NL111U2F 
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